The Eye and Systemic Disease
Related Subjects:
|Episcleritis
|Scleritis
|Assessing a Red eye
|Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
|Allergic and Infective Conjunctivitis
|Anterior and Posterior Uveitis
|Atropine Sulfate
|Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK)
|Acute Blepharitis
|Chalazion
🧾 Miscellaneous
- Atherosclerosis: Arteriovenous nipping, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery macroaneurysm.
- Ischaemic optic neuropathy: Pupil-sparing 3rd nerve palsy, 6th nerve palsy (vasa nervosum infarction).
- Hypertension: Hypertensive retinopathy, cotton wool spots, flame haemorrhages, optic disc oedema ± macular oedema.
- Infective endocarditis: Flame haemorrhages & Roth spots, endophthalmitis (from haematogenous spread).
💊 Drugs
- Amiodarone: Vortex keratopathy (corneal deposits), bilateral optic neuropathy.
🧬 Inherited
- Fabry’s disease: Vortex keratopathy (corneal deposits).
🦴 Rheumatology
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, peripheral ulcerative keratitis ("corneal melt"), episcleritis, scleritis, scleromalacia.
- Seronegative spondyloarthropathies: Conjunctivitis (reactive arthritis), anterior uveitis.
- Behçet’s disease: Occlusive retinal vasculitis (posterior uveitis), anterior uveitis with hypopyon.
- Dermatomyositis: Periorbital oedema + violaceous eyelid rash.
- Sjögren’s syndrome: Dry eyes.
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): Scleritis, sclerokeratitis, retro-orbital inflammation.
- Polyarteritis nodosa: Peripheral ulcerative keratitis, scleritis, retinal arteritis.
- Paget’s disease: Optic neuropathy.
🍽️ Gastroenterology
- IBD: Episcleritis, non-necrotising scleritis, anterior uveitis.
- Large bowel tumours: CHRPE (atypical congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium) in familial adenomatous polyposis.
- Wilson’s disease: Kayser–Fleischer corneal rings, sunflower cataracts.
- Haemochromatosis: Diabetic retinopathy.
🧴 Dermatology
- Rosacea: Posterior blepharitis, keratitis.
- Acne vulgaris: Dry eye (isotretinoin), papilloedema (tetracyclines).
- Psoriasis: Anterior uveitis.
- Eczema: Atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
- Urticaria: Angioedema.
- Alopecia areata: Loss of eyebrows/eyelashes.
👁️ Horner's Syndrome
- Miosis + mild ptosis.
- Enophthalmos (apparent).
- Anhidrosis (loss of sweating).
🦋 Thyroid Eye Disease
- Inferior rectus affected first → restricted upgaze.
- Compensatory overaction of superior rectus/levator → eyelid retraction.
- Inflammation → proptosis, conjunctival injection, chemosis.