📊 Important Values
For detailed guidance, refer to the Paediatric Emergency Drug Chart. 💨 High Flow Oxygen: Give to all critically ill children (target sats >94%). 💉 Adrenaline (1:10,000): 10 mcg/kg IV/IO for anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest. 💧 Fluid Bolus: 0.9% Saline 20 ml/kg IV/IO (warm if hypothermic/shock). 🍬 Glucose 10%: 2 ml/kg IV/IO to correct hypoglycemia (aim >4 mmol/L). ⚖️ Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%: 1 mmol/kg IV/IO for severe acidosis/hyperkalaemia. ⚡ Defibrillation: 4 J/kg for pulseless VT or VF. ❤️ CPR Compression Rate: 100–120/min, depth = one-third chest diameter.

📊 Important Values

For detailed guidance, refer to the Paediatric Emergency Drug Chart.

💨 High Flow Oxygen: Give to all critically ill children (target sats >94%).
💉 Adrenaline (1:10,000): 10 mcg/kg IV/IO for anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest.
💧 Fluid Bolus: 0.9% Saline 20 ml/kg IV/IO (warm if hypothermic/shock).
🍬 Glucose 10%: 2 ml/kg IV/IO to correct hypoglycemia (aim >4 mmol/L).
⚖️ Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%: 1 mmol/kg IV/IO for severe acidosis/hyperkalaemia.
⚡ Defibrillation: 4 J/kg for pulseless VT or VF.
❤️ CPR Compression Rate: 100–120/min, depth = one-third chest diameter.

🧭 About

Follow the ABCDE Approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure.
Start with oxygen + monitoring (SpO₂, cardiac monitor, vascular access).
Always reassess frequently - children deteriorate quickly.

🌬️ Airways and Breathing

Assessment: Look 👀, listen 👂, feel ✋, smell 👃.
🔴 Red flags: Cyanosis, non-blanching rash (meningococcal), ketotic breath (DKA), alcohol smell (poisoning).
Airway support: Head tilt–chin lift, jaw thrust, suction, remove visible FB.
📉 Start compressions if progressing to arrest.
Auscultation: Diminished sounds → pneumothorax; stridor → obstruction.

💓 Circulation

💓 Heart rate: Tachycardia = early shock; bradycardia = hypoxia/late shock.
✋ Cap refill: >2s = poor perfusion.
📉 Hypotension is late - act before it occurs!

🧠 Disability

AVPU 🧑‍⚕️ or GCS to assess consciousness.
🤕 Abnormal posturing = severe brain injury.
👁️ Unequal pupils = raised ICP/herniation.

🩸 Types of Shock

💧 Hypovolaemic: DKA, GI losses, bleeding → 0.9% saline bolus, reassess.
❤️ Cardiogenic: Myocarditis, arrhythmia → cautious fluids + inotropes.

🌬️ Breathing Issues

🔊 Stridor → croup, epiglottitis, FB, congenital lesions.
🫁 Wheeze → asthma; crackles → pneumonia; RSV → bronchiolitis; unilateral ↓ entry → pneumothorax.

🧠 Altered Consciousness

🍭 Hypoglycaemia: Glucose 10% 2 ml/kg IV/IO urgently.
🔥 DKA: Fluids + insulin + electrolyte monitoring.
⚡ Post-ictal: Drowsiness/confusion after seizure.
🤯 Head injury or intracranial bleed → urgent neuro support.
🦠 Meningitis/encephalitis → fever + neck stiffness ± rash.
💊 Poisoning → consider naloxone if opioid suspected.

🤢 Acute Abdomen

⚡ Appendicitis: RLQ pain, fever, vomiting.
🚫 Obstruction: Bilious vomiting, distension, absent stool.
💔 Intussusception: Colicky pain + "currant jelly" stool.
🍼 Malrotation/atresia: Neonatal bilious vomiting.

📜 2015 Resuscitation Council Guidelines

📚 References

Paediatric Basic Life Support Guidelines 2015

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Paediatric emergencies

🚨 Paediatric Emergencies