Makindo Medical Notes

Self-harm refers to any deliberate act of harming one's own body, typically as a way to cope with distress or emotional pain. It is often associated with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder.

Common Forms of Self-Harm

• Cutting or scratching the skin
• Burning
• Hitting or punching oneself
• Ingesting harmful substances
• Interfering with wound healing

Risk Factors

• Mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety)
• Previous history of self-harm or suicide attempts
• Substance misuse
• Traumatic life events or abuse
• Poor coping mechanisms

Diagnosis

• Diagnosing self-harm requires a careful clinical evaluation, focusing on the person's mental and physical health.
• A comprehensive assessment should include:
  • Detailed psychiatric history
  • Examination of physical injuries
  • Evaluation of underlying psychiatric conditions
  • Assessment of risk for future self-harm or suicidal behavior
  • Identifying any precipitating events or stressors

Initial Medical Management

• Immediate medical attention for physical injuries (e.g., sutures for cuts, burns treatment).
• Treatment of any overdose or poisoning if involved.
• Observation for any complications like infection.

Psychiatric Management

• Comprehensive risk assessment for suicide.
• Referral to psychiatric services or crisis teams.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for coping mechanisms.
• Address underlying mental health conditions through medication (e.g., antidepressants).
• Family and social support interventions.

Long-Term Management

• Continued psychiatric support and follow-up care.
• Ongoing therapy (individual or group).
• Medication management for any diagnosed mental health disorders.
• Developing coping strategies to manage distress and emotional pain.

Prevention Strategies

• Early identification of those at risk for self-harm.
• Interventions to address underlying causes (e.g., trauma, depression).
• Encouraging positive social support networks.
• Access to mental health services and crisis support.

In summary, self-harm is a complex behavior requiring a multifaceted approach to care, including both immediate medical attention and long-term psychiatric treatment. Identifying and addressing the underlying mental health issues are crucial in preventing recurrence.