Makindo Medical Notes

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Choking in Adults and Children

Choking occurs when an object, food, or liquid obstructs the airway, preventing normal breathing. It can be a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention. This guide provides information on recognizing choking, first aid steps, and prevention strategies for both adults and children.

Recognizing Choking

• Signs of Choking in Adults and Children:
  • Inability to speak or cry out.
  • Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing.
  • Weak, ineffective coughing or no coughing at all.
  • Clutching the throat (universal choking sign).
  • Cyanosis (bluish skin colour) due to lack of oxygen.
  • Loss of consciousness if the airway is not cleared.

First Aid for Choking in Adults

• Encourage Coughing:
  • If the person can cough forcefully, encourage them to keep coughing to dislodge the object.
• Perform the Heimlich Maneuver (Abdominal Thrusts):
  • Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around their waist.
  • Make a fist with one hand and place it slightly above the navel.
  • Grasp the fist with your other hand and perform quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen.
  • Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious.
• Call Emergency Services:
  • If the person cannot breathe, speak, or becomes unconscious, call emergency services immediately.
• Perform CPR if Necessary:
  • If the person becomes unconscious and is not breathing, begin CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) until emergency help arrives.

First Aid for Choking in Children (Over 1 Year Old)

• Encourage Coughing:
  • If the child can cough forcefully, encourage them to keep coughing to dislodge the object.
• Perform the Heimlich Maneuver:
  • Kneel behind the child if they are small, or stand if they are larger.
  • Wrap your arms around the child's waist.
  • Make a fist with one hand and place it slightly above the navel.
  • Grasp the fist with your other hand and perform quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen.
  • Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled or the child becomes unconscious.
• Call Emergency Services:
  • If the child cannot breathe, speak, or becomes unconscious, call emergency services immediately.
• Perform CPR if Necessary:
  • If the child becomes unconscious and is not breathing, begin CPR until emergency help arrives.

First Aid for Choking in Infants (Under 1 Year Old)

• Back Blows and Chest Thrusts:
  • Sit down and hold the infant face down on your forearm, resting on your thigh.
  • Support the infant's head and neck with your hand.
  • Give up to 5 back blows between the infant's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
  • If the object does not come out, turn the infant face up and give up to 5 chest thrusts (using two fingers) in the center of the chest just below the nipple line.
  • Repeat back blows and chest thrusts until the object is expelled or the infant becomes unconscious.
• Call Emergency Services:
  • If the infant cannot breathe, cry, or becomes unconscious, call emergency services immediately.
• Perform CPR if Necessary:
  • If the infant becomes unconscious and is not breathing, begin CPR until emergency help arrives.

Prevention of Choking

• For Adults:
  • Chew food thoroughly and eat slowly.
  • Avoid talking or laughing while eating.
  • Do not eat while walking, running, or driving.
  • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while eating.
• For Children:
  • Supervise mealtimes and cut food into small, manageable pieces.
  • Avoid giving young children small, hard foods such as nuts, popcorn, and hard candies.
  • Teach children to chew food thoroughly and not to talk or laugh with food in their mouths.
  • Keep small objects and toys that could be swallowed out of reach.

Summary

Choking is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. Recognizing the signs of choking and knowing the appropriate first aid steps can save lives. Preventive measures, such as careful eating habits and supervising children during mealtimes, can reduce the risk of choking incidents.

Choking Adult