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Gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer (GIFT)
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📖 About Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
- What it is: GIFT is an older assisted reproduction technique in which oocytes and sperm are placed directly into the fallopian tube, so fertilisation occurs in vivo rather than in the laboratory.
- Requirement: At least one patent and functioning fallopian tube is required, so it is not suitable in tubal blockage.
- Historical indications: It was historically used in selected couples with unexplained infertility or some other infertility presentations, but it is now rarely performed.
- Technique: Eggs are retrieved as part of an assisted conception cycle, and the gametes are then transferred into the tube, historically using laparoscopic placement.
- How it differs from IVF: In IVF, fertilisation happens outside the body; in GIFT, fertilisation takes place within the fallopian tube.
- Risks: Risks include those of anaesthesia, laparoscopy, and multiple pregnancy if more than one oocyte is transferred.
- Current UK use: GIFT has been superseded by IVF/ICSI in most UK centres and is not part of routine current clinical practice.
- NICE position: Current NICE-linked fertility guidance does not recommend GIFT in preference to IVF, and earlier recommendations about GIFT/ZIFT were removed because these techniques are no longer part of current practice.
💡 Clinical Pearl
Think of GIFT as “IVF without laboratory fertilisation” — eggs and sperm are placed into the fallopian tube, and fertilisation then occurs inside the body. In modern UK fertility care, however, IVF/ICSI has almost entirely replaced it.
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