Muscle Strain |
Localized pain, muscle tenderness, and swelling after physical activity or injury. |
Clinical examination, MRI (if severe). |
Rest, ice, compression, elevation (R.I.C.E.), NSAIDs, physical therapy. |
Fibromyalgia |
Widespread muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and tender points. |
No specific tests; diagnosis is clinical based on symptoms and exclusion of other conditions. |
Medications (e.g., antidepressants, analgesics), physical therapy, lifestyle changes. |
Polymyalgia Rheumatica |
Symmetrical muscle pain and stiffness, particularly in the shoulders and hips, often worse in the morning. |
ESR, CRP, clinical examination; may need to rule out other conditions. |
Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids), NSAIDs for pain relief. |
Rhabdomyolysis |
Severe muscle pain, weakness, swelling, dark urine, and elevated creatine kinase levels. |
Blood tests (creatine kinase, electrolytes), urinalysis, imaging studies if necessary. |
Hydration, addressing the underlying cause, hospitalization in severe cases. |
Myositis |
Muscle weakness, pain, and inflammation, often accompanied by elevated muscle enzymes. |
Blood tests (elevated muscle enzymes), electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy. |
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, physical therapy. |
Infections (e.g., Viral Myositis) |
Muscle pain, fever, and symptoms of the underlying infection (e.g., flu-like symptoms). |
Blood tests, specific viral tests, imaging if needed. |
Treat the underlying infection, supportive care, pain management. |
Medication-Induced Myopathy |
Muscle pain and weakness associated with use of certain medications (e.g., statins). |
Review of medication history, blood tests (elevated muscle enzymes), muscle biopsy if needed. |
Discontinue or adjust medication, alternative treatments, supportive care. |
Autoimmune Diseases (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) |
Muscle pain associated with systemic symptoms like rash, joint pain, and fatigue. |
Autoantibody tests (e.g., ANA), specific tests based on symptoms, clinical examination. |
Immunosuppressive medications, disease-modifying drugs, symptomatic treatment. |