Makindo Medical Notes

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastritis are conditions that can affect the lining of the stomach and small intestine in children. Early recognition and management are key to preventing complications.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

PUD occurs when open sores or ulcers form in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum).

Causes

• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
• Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Excess stomach acid production
• Stress-related ulcers (rare in children)

Symptoms

• Burning pain in the abdomen, especially after eating
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Dark, tarry stools (due to bleeding)
• Bloating or feeling of fullness

Note: Peptic ulcers can cause complications such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction, requiring urgent medical attention.

Gastritis

Gastritis refers to inflammation of the stomach lining and can be either acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-term).

Causes

• Infection with H. pylori
• Use of NSAIDs
• Viral or bacterial infections
• Stress or trauma (e.g., injury, surgery)
• Excessive bile reflux into the stomach
• Autoimmune conditions

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea or vomiting, Indigestion
• Bloating, Feeling full quickly during meals

In chronic cases, gastritis can lead to ulcers or an increased risk of stomach cancer later in life. Early intervention is crucial.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination and detailed history
• Blood tests for anaemia or infection
• Stool test to detect H. pylori or blood
• Endoscopy to visualize ulcers
• Urea breath test (for H. pylori)

Treatment

• Antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid production
• H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid
• Antacids to neutralize stomach acid
• Avoiding NSAIDs or switching to safer alternatives
• Dietary modifications (avoid spicy, acidic, or fatty foods)

Note: Always consult a pediatric gastroenterologist for persistent symptoms or recurrent ulcers.