| Ankle Sprain 🤕 |
- Inversion injury → lateral ligament damage
- Sports or sudden twist of the foot
|
- Pain, swelling, bruising around ankle
- Difficulty bearing weight 🚶♂️
- Tender lateral ligaments
|
- Ottawa ankle rules ➝ X-ray to rule out fracture
- Stress tests: anterior drawer, talar tilt
- MRI for severe or recurrent instability
|
- RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
- NSAIDs for pain
- Physiotherapy for proprioception & strengthening
- Brace/tape for return to sport
|
| Achilles Tendonitis 🦶 |
- Overuse, poor footwear, ↑ training load
- Common in runners/athletes
|
- Gradual heel pain & stiffness
- Tender thickened tendon
- Pain worse with running/jumping
|
- Clinical exam
- US ➝ tendon thickening/tears
- MRI for chronic cases
|
- Rest, activity modification, NSAIDs
- Physio: eccentric calf strengthening
- Shockwave therapy/PRP in refractory cases
- Surgery for rupture or chronic tears
|
| Plantar Fasciitis 👣 |
- Overuse (running, prolonged standing)
- Flat feet or poor footwear
|
- Heel pain, worse in morning 🌅
- Tender medial calcaneal tuberosity
- Pain eases with activity
|
- Clinical exam (windlass test)
- US ➝ thickened fascia
- X-ray/MRI to exclude stress fracture
|
- RICE, NSAIDs
- Stretching of plantar fascia & Achilles
- Arch supports/orthotics
- Steroid injections for refractory pain
|
| Hamstring Strain 🏃 |
- Acute overstretch during sprint/kick
- Common in athletes
|
- Sudden posterior thigh pain
- Bruising, swelling, tenderness
- Difficulty walking/knee flexion
|
- Clinical exam
- US or MRI ➝ grade severity
|
- RICE, NSAIDs
- Physio: progressive strengthening
- Surgery for complete avulsion tears
|
| Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) 🚴 |
- Overuse friction of IT band over femoral condyle
- Seen in runners & cyclists
|
- Lateral knee pain
- Tenderness lateral femoral condyle
- Positive Ober’s test
|
- Clinical exam
- US ➝ IT band thickening
- MRI if chronic
|
- Rest, NSAIDs, activity modification
- Stretching/strengthening hip abductors
- Steroid injection if persistent
|
| Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee) 🏀 |
- Repetitive patellar tendon stress (jumping, squatting)
- Common in basketball/volleyball
|
- Pain below kneecap
- Worse with jumping, stairs
- Morning stiffness
|
- Clinical exam
- US/MRI ➝ tendinosis or tear
|
- Rest, NSAIDs, activity modification
- Eccentric quadriceps training
- Patellar strap to reduce stress
- Surgical debridement in severe cases
|
