Makindo Medical Notes

Emergency Contraception (EC) is used to help prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Who Might Need EC?

• Unprotected intercourse (e.g., no condom used).
• Contraceptive failure (e.g., broken or slipped condom, missed birth control pills).
• Sexual assault, if there is a risk of unwanted pregnancy.

Types of Emergency Contraception

1. Levonorgestrel (LNG) Pills: Examples include Plan B One-Step and similar brands. Ideally taken within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected sex, but may still be somewhat effective up to 120 hours (5 days).

2. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA) Pill: Sold under the brand name Ella in many countries. Effective up to 120 hours (5 days). May be more effective than LNG pills, especially in the later part of the 5-day window.

3. Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD): Can be inserted by a healthcare provider within 5 days (120 hours) of unprotected intercourse. This is the most effective form of EC and provides ongoing contraception once in place.

How EC Works

• Levonorgestrel & Ulipristal: Primarily prevent or delay ovulation. If ovulation has already occurred, their effectiveness decreases.
• Copper IUD: Creates an environment that prevents fertilization and may prevent implantation.

Timing and Effectiveness

The sooner EC is used, the better it works. Levonorgestrel is most effective within 72 hours, while Ulipristal can be used up to 120 hours. The Copper IUD can be inserted within 5 days, and in many guidelines, it can still be considered if it’s within a short time frame after that, depending on ovulation status and clinical judgment.

Possible Side Effects

• Nausea or vomiting.
• Irregular bleeding or spotting.
• Breast tenderness.
• Headache and dizziness.

If you vomit within 2 hours (Levonorgestrel) or within 3 hours (Ulipristal) of taking the pill, contact a healthcare provider. You may need another dose.

Follow-Up and Next Steps

• If your period is delayed by more than 1 week, consider taking a pregnancy test.
• Consult a healthcare provider to discuss a reliable, ongoing birth control method.
• Consider STI testing if you are worried about infections.
• Seek medical advice for any unusual or severe symptoms.